Viral infection by hepatitis B virus, or hepatitis C virus causes an increase of reactive oxygen species. One general mechanism, increased DNA damage, is shared by some of the major liver diseases, including infection by hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, heavy alcohol consumption, and obesity. Liver diseases can develop through several mechanisms: Budd–Chiari syndrome is the clinical picture caused by occlusion of the hepatic vein.Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a serious chronic inflammatory disease of the bile duct, which is believed to be autoimmune in origin.
Primary biliary cirrhosis is a serious autoimmune disease of the bile capillaries.(Many liver malignancies are secondary lesions that have metastasized from primary cancers in the gastrointestinal tract and other organs, such as the kidneys, lungs.) Primary liver cancer most commonly manifests as hepatocellular carcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma rarer forms include angiosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma of the liver.Cirrhosis is the formation of fibrous tissue ( fibrosis) in the place of liver cells that have died due to a variety of causes, including viral hepatitis, alcohol overconsumption, and other forms of liver toxicity.Gilbert's syndrome, a genetic disorder of bilirubin metabolism found in a small percent of the population, can cause mild jaundice.In transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis, the liver produces a mutated transthyretin protein which has severe neurodegenerative or cardiopathic effects.Liver damage is also a clinical feature of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and glycogen storage disease type II. Hereditary diseases that cause damage to the liver include hemochromatosis, involving accumulation of iron in the body, and Wilson's disease.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a spectrum of disease associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis) is a reversible condition where large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells.Analogous terms such as "drug-induced" or "toxic" liver disease are also used to refer to disorders caused by various drugs. Alcoholic liver disease is a hepatic manifestation of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis.alcoholic hepatitis), autoimmunity ( autoimmune hepatitis) or hereditary conditions.
There are more than a hundred different liver diseases. Micrograph of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
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